Linguistics terms in Japanese

The following information was taken from yukinoitazuchi's post on the jp_ling livejournal community. My intention in copying it here is to try to fill in as much furigana (振り仮名) as possible and allow others to openly edit it (just have to create an account on the wiki).


 * - litui 16:53, 5 February 2006 (MST)

Hello, here are some terms in Japanese, used in linguistics, feel free to comment and add something, then I'll update the list. Please correct my mistakes, if any. Thank you. =)

Areas of Study

 * 言語学 (げんごがく):Linguistics
 * 理論言語学 (りろんげんごがく):Linguistic Theory
 * 音声学 (おんせいがく):Phonetics
 * 音韻論 (おんいんろん):Phonemics / Phonology
 * 形態論 (けいたいろん):Morphology
 * 統語論 (とうごろん):Syntax
 * 意味論 (いみろん) | 記号論 (きごうろん):Semantics | Semiotics
 * 語彙意味論 (ごいいみろん):Glossary of Semiotics
 * 文体論 (ぶんたいろん):Stylistics
 * 記述言語学 (きじゅつげんごがく):Descriptor Linguistics
 * 語用論:Pragmatics
 * 応用言語学 (おうようげんごがく):Language Application
 * 社会言語学 (しゃかいげんごがく):Sociolinguistics
 * 生成文法 (せいせいぶんぽう):Generative Grammar
 * 認知言語学 (にんちげんごがく):Cognitive Linguistics
 * 計算言語学 (けいさんげんごがく):Computational Linguistics
 * 比較言語学 (ひかくげんごがく):Comparative Linguistics
 * 語源 (ごげん):Etymology
 * 日本語学 (にほんごがく):Japanese Linguistics
 * 言語学者 (げんごがくしゃ):Linguist

Taken from: http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics with translations by me and Jim Breen's dictionary

People in Linguistics ~ 言語学者

 * ノーム・チョムスキー:(Abram Noam Chomsky)

Other

 * ???:C-command
 * ???:Lexicon
 * ???:X-bar theory
 * ???:Second Language Acquisition (SLA)
 * ???:L1
 * ???:L2
 * ???:Trace
 * ???:Wh-movement
 * ???:Backformation

Aspiration

 * 有気:aspirated
 * 無気:unaspirated

Voicing

 * 無声 (むせい):voiceless
 * 有声 (ゆうせい):voiced

Place

 * 両唇:bilabial
 * 唇歯:labiodental
 * 歯:dental
 * 歯茎:alveolar
 * 後部歯茎:postalveolar
 * 歯茎硬口蓋:alveopalatal
 * そり舌:retroflex
 * 硬口蓋:palatal
 * 軟口蓋:velar
 * 口蓋垂:uvular
 * 咽頭:pharyngeal
 * 喉頭蓋:epiglottal
 * 声門:glottal

Manner

 * 摩擦:fricative
 * 鼻:nasal
 * 破裂/閉鎖:stop
 * 吸着:click
 * 放出:ejective
 * 入破:implosive
 * 破擦:affricate
 * 共鳴:sonorant
 * はじき:tap/flap
 * 側面:lateral
 * ふるえ:trill
 * 接近:approximant
 * 流:liquid
 * 半母:semivowel
 * 母音 (ぼいん):vowel

Sound

 * 音:(Whatever is used from the above, the consonant name will almost invariably be terminated by this.)

Lexical Terms
(courtesy of tebing)
 * 和語 or やまとのことば: Native Japanese vocabulary
 * 漢語: Sino-Japanese (words borrowed from Middle Chinese during the 9th-13th c.)
 * 擬音語: sound-symbolic words (aka "onomatopoeia" or "mimetics")
 * 外来語: (recent) loanwords

(Thank you to zepooka, nekokaze)