Group 2: Shelby Fomenoff, Justin Kotschorek, Jenny Ngo, Richer Quach, Khai Vuu

= Introduction =



Technology
Handheld Gaming Consoles

Group Members
Shelby Fomenoff

Justin Kotschorek

Jenny Ngo

Richer Quach

Khai Vuu

= Project Statement =

Whether you have one or you don’t, a handheld gaming console always seemed intriguing. You might have asked yourself at one point: how does a screen, a speaker, controls, and a brain all fit into that little piece of plastic and metal? If you are planning to buy one, you might ask yourself: which one should I choose? Or, if you are just curious and want to delve back into the history of these gaming gadgets, we can tell you about that too!

= History of the Handheld Game Console = History: “Old Age” – 1970’s – mid 80’s Most people in university these days have probably never even seen the handheld game consoles that first appeared in the late 1970’s [1]. When handheld game consoles first came out they were referred to as “non-TV “ and “non-video electronic” games [2]. Mattel first came out with single game handhelds in 1977-1978, creatively named football, baseball and basketball [3]. They later came out with other games such as Armor Battle and Sub Chase. Shortly after, in 1979, Milton Bradley came out with the very first handheld game console with interchangeable games. This device was prone to various problems and was not a successful item. Nintendo, a name many of us are familiar with, came out with their very first handheld video game in 1980 [1]. The “Game and Watch” had a clock and alarm as well as a variety of interchangeable video games. One of the last of the “Old age” video games was never released in Canada [3]. In fact the Epoch Game Pocket Computer was only released in Japan during 1984 and unfortunately failed as a product [1].

“Middle Age” - Late 80’s - 2000 Once again, in 1989, Nintendo upped the ante from the previous handhelds and came out with the infamous Game Boy [3]. An important aspect of the success of this device was the genius idea of bundling the device with the game Tetris [1]. The Atari Lynx was also designed in 1989, it had much better graphics than the Game Boy, but was much more expensive [2]. Despite upgrade efforts, the Atari Lynx did not last long [1]. Throughout the early 1990’s numerous handheld games consoles were designed, none of which stood any chance against the Nintendo Game Boy. The NEC Turbo Express had a sharp color display but the expensive price, of approximately $300.00US, seemed to aim the device at a market level that had no yet existed for this type of device [4]. The Sega Game Gear may ring a bell for some people, probably because it was the most successful Game Boy competitor. Like the NEC Turbo Express it had a color screen, but even with a reasonable retail value it was still not match for the Nintendo Game Boy [4]. It was not until 5 years later did Sega re-enter the field with another device in hopes of taking over the market. The Sega Nomad was a handheld version of the Genesis console [3]. It was sold at an extremely cheap price but even that did not override the poor battery life and bulky design [1]. In 1997 Tiger Electronics came out with their game.com, which attempted to bring Internet access to a handheld game console [2]. Unfortunately, this handheld lacked success in gaming design and Internet access. The Neo-Geo Pocket and Pocket Color were introduced in 1998 and 1999 [2]. Despite great graphic design, Neo-Geo failed to gain support from developers and in the end lacked gamers’ attention [1]. In 1996, Nintendo upgraded the original Game Boy screen from its green scale with a regular grayscale display [4]. Yet, in 1998 they stepped up again and designed the Game Boy Color. In 1999-2000 Bandai WonderSwan was designed, then quickly replaced by the color ad crystal versions [1]. The main aspect of this handheld was the exclusive license it had with the Final Fantasy game [2]. This product was a huge hit in Japan but never made impact in North America. Nintendo later gained license to Final Fantasy and that was the end of WonderSwan [1]. Not surprisingly, Nintendo ended this era with a bang and designed the Game Boy Advance in 2001. The Advance continued to be improved through 2003.

“The New Age” - 2003 – Present The “New Age” contains devices that many people are more familiar with, as well as devices that are clearly much more technologically advanced than those from Centuries prior. Most people relate Nokia with telephones, yet in 2003 Nokia came out with the N-Gage [1]. This device was a combination of cell phone, MP3 player, PDA, radio and gaming device [2]. This device was criticized for its design and later re-designed to address these flaws, but at the same time removing some important features from the original N-Gage [3]. In 2004, Nintendo came out with the Nintendo DS and a year later the DS Lite, a thinner and lighter version [4]. One feature of this device that seemed eye catching was the built in Wi-Fi connection (see Nintendo DS section for details). Tapwave also came out with a new device in 2004, known as the Zodiac [2]. This device was a PDA handheld game consoled that included features such as Internet, photo, music, and movie storage [1]. In 2004 Sony came out with one of the most popular hand held devices to date, the PSP (PlayStation Portable) (See PSP section for details) [5]. Tiger Telematics developed the Gizmodo in 2005. This device included features such as a build-in camera and GPS [3]. The lack of game options and high price resulted in a loss for Tiger Telematics. In November 2005 the GP2X was released [3]. The GP2X uses the Linux operating system and is designed to play videos, music, games and photos [1]. Most, if not all, people reading this are aware of the Ipod touch and impressive Iphone [6]. The Ipod touch was released in 2007 and includes many applications that range depending on the interest and need [6]. The Iphone was released in 2008 and includes application of the Ipod touch but also contains camera, phone network and built in microphone (See Ipod section for details) [2], [3].

= Nintendo DS =

Overview
The Nintendo DS is in the 7th generation era of handheld gaming systems. The DS was announced in spring of 2004 and was later released in October of that year. The Nintendo DS has a unique design that is very appealing to a lot of handheld gamers; the dual screens takes handheld gaming to the next level.

Hardware
The Nintendo DS has seen many new upgrades and it is a lot more sophisticated than its predesors( game boy, game boy color, game boy SP). Weight: 300 grams Physical dimensions: 148.7 x 84.7 x 28.9 mm (5.85 x 3.33 x 1.13 inches). Screens: Two separate 3-inch LCD screens CPUs: Two ARM processors, an ARM946E-S main CPU and ARM7TDMI co-processor at clock speeds of 67 MHz and 33 MHz respectively. RAM: 4 MB of Mobile RAM Voltage: 1.65 volts required Storage: 256 kB of Serial Flash Memory Wi-Fi: Built-in 802.11 Wireless Network Connection

The Nintendo DS runs off a rechargable Lithium Ion battery, that once fully charged can run for up to 10 hours. Battery life is effected obviously by the back light, wifi usage and if you use both screens or not. It takes 4 hours to reach its full charge.

Pros
1.Dual screens

2.Great sound

3.Great graphics

4.Wireless capabilities

5.Unique cool design

6.Relatively low price

7.10 hour battery life

Cons
1.Can’t play original Game Boy / Game Boy Color games

2.Only a few games that take advantage of the dual screen design

3.Bulkier than previous models

4.Poor graphics compared to other handheld game systems such as the PSP

Conclusion
The pros outweigh the cons by a lot and make the Nintendo DS a very desirable handheld gaming system.

= Sony PlayStation Portable (PSP) =

Overview
The Sony PlayStation Portable, PSP, was first released in North America on March 24th, 2005. It is the most successful handheld game console that is not made by Nintendo. The PSP is manufactured, and also, advertised by Sony Computer Entertainment (a subsidiary of Sony Corporation). It is the first handheld game system that uses an optical disc format, the Universal Media Disc (UMD), as a memory storage. Some of it's main features include the large screen display, connectivity to other sources, and it's multimedia abilities. The PSP is available in a variety of different colours; black, white, silver, pink, red, blue, green, purple, and metallic blue.

The PSP's large LCD display screen measures approximately 11 cm wide (4.3 inchs), and includes around 16.77 million of different colours. This allows a more precise, clear, and sharp image.

The game console's ability to connect to other sources is another one of it's attractive features. The PlayStation Portable is able to connect to other gaming units, such as, the PlayStation 2, the PlayStation 3, other PSP's, as well as, the Internet. This creates endless possibilities when it comes to whoever a player chooses to compete against.

The PSP's ability to perform multimedia functions is another reason why it is a consumer preference in the game console market. The PSP is able to store and play videos/movies, music, video games, as well as, store photos. Web browsing or storing documents are other examples of the multiple functions that the Sony PlayStation Portable are able to carry out.

Hardware
The PSP takes a “candy bar” shape, with the measurements of roughly 17 x 7.3 x 2.2 cm (6.7 x 2.9 x 0.9 inch). Weighing about 280 grams (9.88 ounces), the PlayStation Portable is light and convenient to carry just about anywhere.

PSP Specific Details
CPU:

- Two 333 MHz MIPS32 R4000-based

GPU:

- 2 MB onboard VRAM running at 166 MHz, includes 32 MB main RAM, and 4 MB embedded DRAM in total

Input/Output:

-There is a USB 2.0 mini-B port plug-in on the top of the game unit

-power cable on the bottom

-Back part of the game console unit consists of a read-only UMD drive for movies and games

-a reader compatible with Sony's memory stick duo flash card is located on the left of the system.

-IrDA (Infrared Data Association) port (was discontinued in PSP-2000 and later series)

-built in stereo speakers and headphone port Maximum Resolution:

- consists of an 11 cm (4.3 inch) LCD screen that includes a 480 x 272 pixel video playback with 16.77 million colors.

Game Format:

- UMD (Universal Media Disc)games or movies

- Games (or movies, music, etc.) that are downloaded and stored on a Memory stick

Controllers:

-On the front right hand side of the PSP are four PlayStation face buttons, whereas the front left hand side has the directional arrow pad. There are several other buttons along the bottom, of the PSP’s screen, as well as, two shoulder buttons (one each on the left and right hand side) on the top of the game unit; each of which functions to control the preferred setting of the PSP.

Wireless Connectivity:

-It includes a WLAN switch on the bottom

-IEEE 802.11b Wi-Fi for Internet access

-Ad-hoc multiplayer gaming

-Skype™

-DLNA

-Remote Play

-RSS

-Internet Browsing

The PSP game console includes an 1800 mAh battery that provides close to 4-6 hours of gameplay, 4-5 hours of video playback, or 8-11 hours of audio playback.

Pros
1. Can play & store movies/videos, games, music, and also, word documents and photos

2. The PSP has a considerably large display screen, measuring approximately 4.3 inch wide, compared to its competitors

3. The PSP package includes a battery charger and rechargeable battery, that charges in less than half the time it takes to charge the Nintendo DS

Cons
1. Considered an expensive gaming unit - Costs: $130 to $200 in Canada

2. The memory is also considered expensive (Memory Stick Duos); for reasonable memory space in the memory stick, it costs about $30 and up

3. The battery has a short life before it needs to be recharged (Not so great when traveling), Newer versions of the PSP (the PSP Slim), has about 6-8 hours of gaming time shorter than the original version

Conclusion
The Sony PlayStation Portable, PSP, has many features that makes it more than just a simple game console. It's multimedia functions and connectivity with other gaming systems, as well as, the Internet, is well worth the price that it is going for.

= Nokia N-Gage =

Overview
An alternative to the once insanely popular Gameboy Advance, the Classic N-Gage and the N-Gage QD were the next closest competition. In the present age of Nintendo DSs, PSPs, Ipod touchs, and Iphones, Nokia comes out with the N-Gage 2.0, a sophisticated gaming service for their cell phones that rivals that of Apple.

Classic N-Gage
Released in October 2003, the Nokia N-Gage came out as the first handheld gadget to mesh a cell phone and mobile gaming device together. It ran on a Nokia Series 60 platform which is still a popular technology today among smartphones around the world. As one of the first smartphones, the N-Gage had MP3, USB, FM radio, PDA, calendar, multimedia, full email, and contact functionality in addition to the 3D gaming which seemingly would make it a must-own all-in-one device. However, at the expensive price of $299, its main competitor, the Game Boy Advance (which was priced at $100) offered better games, gaming, and value. Also, the N-Gage's buttons, functionality, and shape were more suited for cell phone use than gaming. Even then, users had to talk into the phone from the side/edge of the device, so it was not a good cell phone either: users did not want to be seen “talking into a taco or listening” with a “big ear”. The N-Gage was not widely popular and has sold 3 million units to date, most of them outside of North America, while the Game Boy Advance has sold over 36 million. However, it is relatively successful as it is the highest selling unit behind any of the handheld gaming giants (Nintendo, Sony, and Sega). Many regarded the first N-Gage model as a great idea trapped in a poor design. The vertical screen orientation required on the early S60 platform as well as the difficulty switching games (which involved removing the cover, battery, and rebooting) are just a few examples of poor design.

N-Gage QD
Six months after the first N-Gage was released, the N-Gage QD was released in May 2004. The Nokia N-Gage QD tried to address the flaws of the original but criticisms still found their way in. Originally large and taco-shaped, Nokia tried to make the N-Gage smaller, rounder, and more subtle, but users barely found a difference. To make the device cheaper, Nokia took out the music functions of the N-Gage (MP3, USB, and FM radio) at the expense of the device’s universality. Third party software could be used for MP3 music, albeit with lower quality, while the slot for gaming could function as USB storage in the form of a MMC card reader, which is creative, but more inconvenient. Removal of sidetalking, longer battery life, better controls, a brighter screen, better smartphone features, and even a color change were now all available for $99.99 at retail game stores in conjunction with a prepaid phone service. Also, it was now possible for games to be “hot-swapped”, that is switch games without rebooting the system. Although the QD was a big improvement from the N-Gage classic, the model still never became popular enough to compete with the Nintendo franchise. Perhaps it was the vertical screen and button configuration that still remained, or perhaps it was just the bad stigma from the first model. In any case, the last game for the N-Gage models were made in 2006, and both models are now sold only in China and India.

N-Gage 2.0
The N-Gage 2.0 was released in February 2008. Also known as the Nokia N-Gage service, the next generation of N-Gage technology is not an actual device, but a gaming service provided to various models of Nokia phones. It can be thought as a collection of games that function like apps on Iphones. As such, the N-Gage 2.0's biggest competitor is Apple's Iphone as both are part of the mobile phone and mobile gaming market. At this point, Iphones are more popular and more innovative. A number of flaws originally associated with the N-Gage 2.0 was that it relied on the users to download the N-Gage application instead of having it preinstalled, although Nokia has fixed this trend. Another flaw was the use of physically moving the device/phone to participate in games. The idea itself is great, but Nokia planned to launch the technology this spring (2009), something Iphones have done since last summer (2008). Note that the Nokia N79, Nokia N82, Nokia N85, Nokia N95, Nokia N95 8GB, Nokia N96 and the Nokia 6210 Navigator all support motion control. The Iphone is better with gaming because it is easier for publishers and developers to submit their games. It is more difficult to create games for Nokia and those games are often more expensive than Iphone versions, an example would be Vivendi's Crash Bandicoot. However, there are many positives to the N-Gage 2.0 as well. The service is now available on most Nokia phones. It’s similar to Xbox Live in that it is "a social-oriented game service with N-Gage points, pictures, reviews, scores and rankings, so you don't have to play against a friend live, but you can still compete" (http://gizmodo.com/355376/nokia-n+gage-video-hands+on). Games are fast, smooth, graphically pleasing, and playable as demos before purchase, an enticing feature that Apple has not introduced. About 1 million users have profiles on the N-Gage community site. The top 5 games as of April 2009 are Monopoly, Need for Speed, Tetris, Poker, and Prince of Persia. However, Nokia 2.0 games will not work on older N-Gage models.

Hardware
Weight: 137 g, dimensions: 134 x 70 x 20 mm. 3-6 hours of gameplay. 8 hours of music/20 hours of FM radio. Screen: High-contrast, backlit colour display (176 x 208 pixels). Memory: 3.4 MB internal

Weight: 143 g, dimensions: 118 x 68 x 22 mm. 10 hours of gameplay. 5 hours of talking. Screen: High-contrast, backlit colour display (176 x 208 pixels). Memory: 3.4 MB internal

Pros
- One of the first devices to combine cell phone and gaming technology together.

- A good all-in-one device.

- One of the cheapest smartphones.

- Wireless gameplay, Bluetooth for multiplayer gaming.

- At the time, came out with multiplayer gaming which Nintendo did not have.

- MP3 player, FM radio, and small USB port./storage.

- Remakes continually make the phone/service better.

- Durable. Important aspect for gamers. Drop and splash-resistant.

- Fun, easy, graphically pleasing games that foster a gaming community.

Cons
- Awkward look for both a gaming device and a cell phone.

- Location of buttons difficult for gaming, while design is difficult for calling.

- Difficult to put games in and out, back cover and battery must be removed. Inconvenient.

- Expensive handheld gaming system.

- Small vertical screen, bad ratio as most consumers and games prefer widescreen.

- Heavy.

- Side talking.

- Average battery power which can be drained quickly because of all the functions (gaming, music, calling).

- First two handsets failed, new portal concept is currently more successful with Apple.

Conclusion
For Nokia phone owners, the Nokia 2.0 is a very nice program to have because the games are beautiful, and users are allowed trials. However, at this point, the Iphone or Ipod Touch for gaming is a better bet for phone gaming because it has cheaper games and a better design.

= Ipods/Iphone =

OVERVIEW:

IPod is the brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc. and released on October 23, 2001. The iPhone can function as an iPod but is generally treated as a separate product. IPod Classic models store media on an internal hard drive, while all other models use flash memory to enable their smaller size. As with many other digital music players and handheld video game, iPods can also serve as external data storage devices. Video games are playable on various versions of iPods. With third parties like Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft all making games for the iPod, Apple's MP3 player has taken great steps towards entering the video game handheld console market. As of September 2008, more than 173,000,000 iPods had been sold worldwide, making it the best-selling digital audio player as well as handheld video game series in history.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/3711994.jpg

USER INTERFACE:

All iPods (except the iPod shuffle and iPod touch) have five buttons and the later generations have the buttons integrated into the click wheel—an innovation that gives an uncluttered, minimalist interface. The buttons perform basic functions such as menu, play, pause, next track, and previous track. Other operations such as scrolling through menu items and controlling the volume are performed by using the click wheel in a rotational manner. The iPod Touch has no click-wheel. Instead it uses a 3.5" touch screen in addition to a home button, sleep/wake button and (on the second generation iPod touch) volume up and down buttons. The user interface for the iPod touch is virtually identical to the iPhone.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Ipoduse.png

HARDWARE:

Storage medium:

- IPod first to fifth generation, iPod classic: 45.7 mm (1.8 in) hard drives (ATA-6, 4200 rpm with proprietary connectors) made by Toshiba.

- IPod touch and Iphone: Flash Memory from Samsung, Toshiba, and others.

Batteries:

- IPod first and second generation: Internal Lithium Polymer Batteries.

- IPod third to fifth generation, iPod classic, iPod touch, and Iphone: Internal Lithium-Ion Batteries.

- Built-in rechargeable, non-removable lithium battery with up to 6 hours of video playback, and up to 36 hours of audio playback, times vary.

Audio Chip:

- Sixth generation iPods and Iphone: Cirrus Logic Audio Codec Chip.

- Audio Codecs developed by Wolfson Microelectronics.

Connectivity:

- Use USB cables to connect to computer with requirement of ITunes to download music, video and games.

- The dock connector also brought opportunities to exchange data, sound and power with an iPod, which ultimately created a large market of accessories, manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/38/App_Store_2.2.png

SPECIFICATIONS:

- Screen material: glass.

- Screen size: 3.5 in

- Input method: Multi-touch screen interface, Sleep/Wake button, Accelerometer, Home button, Volume Rocker buttons (2nd Gen only) - Operating system: iPhone OS (current version 2.2.1) - Storage: 8, 16, or 32 GB flash memory - CPU: Initially ARM 400 MHz, but now 412 MHz for 1st generation, 533 MHz for 2nd Generation - GPU: PowerVR MBX Lite. - RAM: 128 MB DRAM - Built-in rechargeable, non-removable lithium battery with up to 6 hours of video playback, and up to 36 hours of audio playback, times vary. - Built-in audio speaker. - Size: 110×61.8×8 mm (4.3×2.4×0.33 in) - Weight: 115 g (4.05 oz) - Direct Tunes Wi-Fi Music Store access.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6d/IPod_Touch_2.0.png

PROS:

- Small, great look and easy to use. - Bright and widescreen video. - Can play music, video as TV shows, movies and games. - Included many applications: Safari web browser, YouTube client, Mail email client, Google Maps. - Storage capacity: 8, 16, or 32 GB flash memory. - Easy connector: USB and Wi-Fi capabilities.

CONS:

- IPod batteries are not designed to be removed or replaced by the user. The lawsuits were settled by offering individuals either $60 dollars store credit or a free battery replacement. - The surface of the iPods and Iphone can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable and gets dirty easily. - IPods have been criticized for their short life-span and fragile hard drives. - Price is very expensive (more than $200.00 dollars). - All lithium-ion batteries eventually lose capacity during their lifetime. - Storage (memory) can not be expanding.

CONCLUSION:

IPods have won several awards ranging from engineering excellence, to most innovative audio product, to fourth best handheld video games product of 2006. iPods often receive favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use.

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